Main Competitors- Casa Molina, Mesquite Wood Grilled, Creative Caterin

Main Competitors- Casa Molina, Mesquite Wood Grilled, Creative Catering. There are three main strengths that our competitors have over Catering Creations. The first one is that these catering business have been around for a while. The second advantage they have over us is that they have experienced in running the business and the third reason will be that our competitors have a comfortable amount of capital to work with and they have already established set routines in financing. We feel that the threat created by these three catering businesses can be easily overcome through good service, great selection, and affordable prices. Following is an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of each of our competitors. 1.) Casa Molina strengths: Casa Molina has been in business for over 50 years. They have five locations of casa molina's and two other molinitos which means that there business is increasing and gives their customer easier access to their locations. Another advantage is that as a family business all the locations carry the same cooking recepies. They have built a business relationship with their suppliers for years. Their reputation is well-know for its delicious Mexican food at affordable prices. Casa Molina Weaknesses: They specialized only on Mexican food. They don't offer a full service (they only do deliveries.) They don't offer fresh food, they prepare their food days in advance. They use lard (pork fat) for most of their recipes which is high in fat, is a saturated fat, and has a high amount of cholesterol. 2.) Mesquite Wood Grilled strengths: Mesquite wood grilled restaurant and catering service have been in business for a while. They are known by the high quality and delicious taste of its steaks, chicken and ribs. They have off street parking and that makes it easier for their customers because of the large parking area they have available. They have a relaxed cozy atmosphere with expanded lounge area offering indoor as well as outdoor patio dining. Mesquite Wood Grilled Weaknesses: They are only open Monday through Friday 4 PM to 7 PM. Even though they are known for its delicious steak house many people dont go there often because they don't offer any vegetables, fruit or desserts and their prices are extremely high. Another disadvantage is that since they only open their restaurant for three hours, most of the times people have to wait outside for a minimum of 20 to 40 minutes. And their reservation service has to be made within 6 hours in advance. 3.) Creative Catering Strengths: Creative Catering offers a complete catering service. They also They also do free consultations. They operate planning to presentation. They offer a variety of custom food and customs party platters. Their cost of food and services are low comparing other catering business. Creative Catering main strengths are that they have fresh healthy food with no additives or MSG. Creative Catering Weaknesses: Some of the disadvantages of Creative Catering is that by being a new business, their reputation is not build up yet. Their advertising is poor (they only advertise their service through business cards and the yellow pages.) Their location is not a well known traffic area and is hard for customers to find their business. They only work with large organizations (they will not work with a prospective customer that is only entertaining less than 25 people.) Even though one of the main advantages of Creative Catering is their free consultation or free estimates, they only provide this in their place of business. Their dessert variety is also another factor for their disadvantage because they only offer 5 different types of dessert for their entire menu.

Fauvism in the early 20th century essays

Fauvism in the early 20th century essays In the early twentieth-century art became a form of expression through personal experiences, nature, and visual aspects of the world during that period. Early modern artists expanded and broadened the image and value of art. They explored different styles of art that merged painting and sculpture and left no borderlines between the both. The artists of this period found abstraction and experimentation a way to break away from conventional forms of art. Cubism, Futurism, Fauvism, and Nonobjective art were the many styles that were used in famous paintings of the early twentieth-century. Fauvism was one that was concerned with color, rather than space and motion. Developed in France, Fauvism was all about color and more color. The name Fauves, French for Wild Beasts was given to the artists who painted to this style because many critics thought they used intense colors in a violent uncontrolled way. The leader of the Fauves was Henri Matisse. Matisse along with other painters had to undergo a lot of criticism such as color madness and the sport of child. However, Henri Matisse used color as a pure and sensuous pleasure. It was an escape and a time for a personal vision of his own. All of Henri Matisses works demonstrate that he was the first to articulate colors and shapes as being comparisons to feelings and emotions. In his portrait of Madame Matisse also known as The Green Line, he uses flat color patches, extreme color radiance, and used a certain type of expression in the portrait that sends signals of a troubled, depressed, and fatigued image. Another example of his work is Dance 1, here he uses color abstraction and captures the gay feeling of a Mediterranean culture which he was intrigued by. Fauvism was a short-lived movement, only 1898-1908, but had substantial influence on some of the expressionists. Many artists followed Matisses views and art form until the d...

9 Things You Should Never Reveal About Yourself at Work

9 Things You Should Never Reveal About Yourself at Work You spend an astounding amount of time with your coworkers- even more than your family. You even develop incredibly close relationships with the people you work with day after day week after week. But even so, there are lines you should make sure not to cross. Here’s how to open up to your colleagues enough to build a genuine network but not so much that you drift into TMI. Just follow this list of what never to say.1.  How Much You Hate Your JobIf you say this- even if you mean it- you’ll be branded as a negative person. Or a complainer. Or just someone who can’t engage constructively with the task at hand. No one wants to hang out with a coworker who drags down morale.2. Your Hot Take on World EventsControversial topics like politics, the economy, religion, etc. come up all the time. It’s fine to engage in the topical conversation about current events, but nothing good can come from stirring the pot. If you find you have an even more controversial view point, hold onto it. Best case scenario, you might offend someone deeply. Worst case, you could end up with a lawsuit.3. Your Health ProblemsIt’s fine to let certain coworkers know when you’re going through something. But do spare them the details. Revealing too much personal health information can open you up to discrimination. And droning on about physical details could bore your colleagues to tears.4. Your Personal ProblemsAgain, if something big is going on with your partner or your family, it’s okay to give people a subtle heads up. But keep the details to yourself. Don’t be that person constantly babbling about how much your spouse or boyfriend or girlfriend or family is driving you bananas. You just end up seeming negative and sour.5. Anything About MoneyNo one needs to know how much money you make. And you don’t get to ask how much money they make. Definitely don’t try to get information out of others by blabbing about your salary.6. Your Opinion About That One CoworkerIf you have a negative opinion, however valid, about a coworker- i.e. you think they’re incompetent, or lazy, or dishonest, whatever- you should really not be talking about it with other coworkers. Even if you’re right, you’ll come across as insecure and people will probably side with your incompetent colleague.7. Your Facebook ProfileTry as best as you can to keep LinkedIn as your professional social media platform. Your outside-of-work friends get to see who you’re with and when you did tequila shots in Cabo. Keep your Internet boundaries clear.8. Bedroom TalkKeep the details of your sex life to yourself. And, more importantly, don’t speculate about what other people do in their own bedrooms. It’s just tacky and totally inappropriate.9. That You’re After a Different JobWhether you’re job hunting or you’re secretly angling for another coworker’s job, keep that intel to yoursel f.

Ethical Issues within Information Technology Essay

Ethical Issues within Information Technology - Essay Example Similarly social networking media is used to connect with friend and relatives and share the events of life (Reynolds, 2014). But if someone’s intention is wrong then he may use the shared data or pictures which is not right at all. Security is another important issue. Hackers can easily hack into any computer by using internet protocol and collect data to fulfill some selfish reasons. In case of online banking hackers can easily get information about the transfer of funds and money can be transferred to their desired account by their interruption. So security should be at high level while using information technology (Azari, 2003). Ownership is such kind of ethical issue which indicates the right of an original creator on his work. Information technology has made it easy to get access about any information at any given point of time. There are so many music and book sharing networks through which people can download those data and can use for their own purpose. In such cases the original creators of those works lose the credibility of their work. Extensive use of networks and internet, easy access to technology and advanced wireless telecommunication system gradually losing the control on the whole process and hacker are getting benefits from their mal practices (Brennan and Johnson, 2004). Sharing own data also hamper the accuracy level of the information. People use these data as an authentic source but sometimes they do not get the proper data for using in their work. According to the importance of these ethical issues, these can be ranked as the following order: Privacy, Security, Control, Ownership and Accuracy. Privacy, security and control are three most important parameters for reducing the practice of hacking (George, 2008). Computer crime, viruses, hacking, piracy, plagiarism these are very serious impact on the field of information technology. Current

Reading summary 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading summary 4 - Assignment Example First, hisba turn out to be a coercive, public power that may potentially punish individuals for holding to religious practices and beliefs; thus, violating liberal secular prescriptions for the religion’s good boundaries. Second, the subsequent legislations and the courts articulate hisba differently from how it is elaborated classically in the Islamic shari’a (Agrama 498). Shari’a aims at cultivating and securing certain moral values. But, the court judgments along with legislation hisba get articulated as a legal practice that connects with the protection of public order, public interest, religious beliefs and public order. Thus, explaining why it is hard to know if the country is a religious or secular state (Agrama 515). Therefore, the presented facts relating to present situations shows that secularism incessantly blurs along with politics and religion and its power depends on the precariousness categories it establishes. Thus, Egypt’s political-religious ambiguities express the deeper indetermination at the secular power foundation. Hence, the country is gradually abandoning its religion and adopting secularism following the introduction of different laws. Thus, it is not concluded if it is still a religious or a secular

Thessaloníki Case Essay Example for Free

Thessalonà ­ki Case Essay Salonica or Thessalonà ­ki means the victory of Thessalonian and it is the capital city of Macedonia and in Greece it is the second largest city while in the whole of Southern Eastern Europe, it one of the largest city. The city still retains a number of Jewish and Ottoman buildings together with a good number of Byzantine architectural monuments. Thessalonà ­ki was founded by a king from Macedon known as King Cassander at around 315 BC who gave it the name Thessalonà ­ki which was his wifes name and the wife was a half sister to Alexander the Great (David 2004). When the kingdom of Macedon was no more in 168 BC, the Roman Republic took over the city and it became one of its own. The city tremendously grew and it became the capital city of Macedonia. In 379 BC, the Roman Prefecture of Illyricum was split into two which gave rise to the West and East Roman Empires and the new Prefecture named Thessalonà ­ki as its capital city. In 1204, immediately after the capture of Constantinople which happened by the fourth crusade, Thessalonà ­ki was redeemed and it was no longer under the Byzantine. (Donald 2000) In 1246, Thessalonà ­ki was recovered by the Byzantine Empire who later sold it to Venice in 1423 who ruled the city until on 1430 29th March, when Thessalonà ­ki was again captured by Ottoman Sultan Murad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the reign of Ottoman, Thessalonà ­kis Jewish and Muslims increased in numbers and by 1478, the city had a total of 4,320 Muslims and 6,094 Greek Orthodox together with a good number of Catholics but there were no Jews. In order to prevent the Greeks from dominating Thessalonà ­ki, Ottoman welcomed the Sephardic Jews who were thrown out of Spain by Isabella and Ferdinand. For the next two centuries, Thessalonà ­ki grew to be the largest Jewish city in the whole world and it was nick named â€Å"The Mother of Israel† (Albert 1923). The Ottoman Empire was founded by the Turkish Osman but unfortunately it suffered so many problems like, the ancestor of the Mogul dynasty in India, the 1402 attack by the Tamerlane and the Mongol ruler of Samarkand. Constantinople was the main threat of the empire but when he was captured in 1453 it was an advantage to the Ottoman Empire since it was able to stabilize in the region. Thessalonà ­ki was under the empire until 1912, when it was worn back by the Greek about 90 years following the other Greece cities which had already gained their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The destruction of the Ottoman empire was overseen by the Mustafa Kemal who was born and brought up in Thessalonà ­ki in 1923, he later became the president of the Republic of Turkey. He was a very good leader but a dictator but he brought great reform in Turkey and he greatly emphasized on a strong Turkish nationalism which lead to him getting the title of â€Å"Father Of the Turks† in 1935.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of the 20th Century Thessalonà ­ki was dominated by the European but the situation changed and currently it is completely filled by the Greek. (Apostle 1980) In the late 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century, Thessalonà ­ki was drastically destroyed by a series of fire which resulted   in to the 1917 devastating fire incident that destroyed so many homes leaving many citizens being homeless and it resulted to the city center being rebuilt and re planned which took a period of twenty five years. In 1978, Thessalonà ­ki suffered a number of drastic earthquakes, which led to many casualties and disruption and it also destroyed many early churches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the time when Thessalonà ­ki came into being which is like 2,000 years ago, the Jewish in that city contributed so much in its development. From the foundation of Thessalonà ­ki the leader of Egypt who was also the initiator of the Ptolemaic dynasty had also acted as a Macedonian General working under Alexander the Great and his name was Ptolemy, I (Donald 2000). He was requested by the founder of Thessalonà ­ki Kassandra to give a number of his Jewish artisans to beef up the team that was building the city. When the Jewish Artisans went to Thessalonà ­ki they did not went back to their homeland after completing their task of rebuilding the city which resulted to the foundation of the Jewish community in Thessalonà ­ki. In 140 BC the Jewish from Alexandria also arrived in Thessalonà ­ki who were later followed by the Jewish from Macedonian who arrived in 10 AD. From the Holy Bible in the book of Acts of Apostles it is recorded that in 50 AD St Paul visited Thessalonà ­ki where he taught in the synagogue which shows that the Jewish community was already established in Thessalonà ­ki by then.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the following century very many Jews came to Thessalonà ­ki, but the largest mass migration of Jews to the city happened at the end of the 15th Century. (David 2004) By then the Jewish who were in Spain were doing very well for some time and it resulted into the Jewish community producing very great artists, scholars, artisans, traders, scientists, artists and philosophers. But in 1492 the trend suddenly came to an end when Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain and the inquisition felt like the Jewish were flourishing very much and if they could be given a chance they may be they could have planned on how to overthrow them hence they decided to do away with the threat and they threw them out of their territory. After the departure of the Jewish community from Spain, the Spanish dug out their cemeteries and they even set ablaze the areas where the Jewish were living and they even renamed those places by giving them new Christian names so as to do away and to forget the Jewish community, they even went to an extend of destroying anything that could have brought their memories back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ottoman Empire warmly welcomed the Spanish Jewish whom he saw as new taxpayer and he could not comprehend why the Spanish could do away with such important and valuable resource. From the middle of the 15th Century when the Ottoman Empire took over Thessalonà ­ki, that city had been almost abandoned thus the Jewish Community who were later joined by other Jews from different troubled parts had superior strength than other communities who later joined them (Edward 1947). They had authority in Thessalonà ­ki and they worked in different mines, they started the first printing house and just like they did in Spain, they produced very great artists, scholars, artisans, traders, scientists, artists and philosophers. They also did very well in businesses, commerce and in industries while their professionals established their own organizations and charitable institutions. The Jewish lived in prosperity and in harmony with other Christians and their Muslim neighbors they even ganged up with them in war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thessalonà ­ki was one of the very important cities in the Ottoman Empire and it remained under the Empire up to the year 1912. Thessalonà ­kis day of rest was Saturday which was the Jewish Sabbath Day. In October 1912, the city was captured by Greek and in March 1913, the king of Greece King George the first was assassinated in the city. In 1915, which was during the world war one, some forces captured the city and they wanted to use it as a base against the supporters of German Bulgarians. Later a mysterious fire accident attacked the city and it caused a lot of destruction and the results of the destruction was that a good number of Jewish population vacated the city and they resettled in different places like, America, Paris and Palestine (Albert 1913). The Jewish who vacated were replaced by Greek refugees who were evicted from Turkey in 1922 after the Greco-Turkish war. This caused the city to increased in size very fast and it was named â€Å"The Refugee Capital† while others called it â€Å" The Mother Of The Poor†. In 1941 Thessalonà ­ki was captured by the forces of Nazi Germany until 1944 but later it was attacked by bombing which drastically destroyed it while many Jewish were exterminated by the Nazis which resulted to only a thousand Jewish population remaining in the city. However, the citys glory was restored since it was rebuilt very fast after the war. (Apostle 1980) Currently Thessalonà ­ki has been transformed into a modern city which has very wonderful roads and boulevards that has been laid out and designed in a grid pattern. The city also has well designed and wonderful shopping streets, restaurants, hotels, concert hall and even nightclubs. Work Cited Albert H., The Government of Ottoman, New York : Alpha Publishers, 1913. Apostle Papagiannapoulos, History of Thessalonà ­ki, Wales :   DA Capo Press, 1982. Apostle Papagiannapoulos, Thessalonà ­ki, LA : Baton Rouge Press, 1980. David Willett, The Greece, West minister : West Minister John Knox Press, 2004. Donald Quataert, The Ottoman Empire, Wales: DA Capo Press, 2000. Edward Shepherd, The history Of Ottoman Empire, LA: Baton Rouge Press, 1947.

Essays --

Would technology still be as common as it is today even if they function differently? Back in the 1970s, the idea of having a personal computer is far fetch. Computers back then are not as easy to use like those that we have today. Steve Jobs has a great distribution to make computer to be easier to access. During 1977, Steve Jobs changed the way the world thinks about personal computer after him and his friend released a computer called the Apple II, the first computer that was factory built, inexpensive and easy to use (Lam, 2011, Para.19). The Apple Company was originally started with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Jobs and Wozniak bonded over their interests in computers and also their passion for music (Isaacson, 2011, Pg.43). Despite both of them being college dropouts, Jobs and Wozniak started Apple on their own only with the money that they raised from selling things that they owned (Isaacson, Pg.91). Sometime later, Jobs and Wozniak had fallout, Wozniak ended up leaving the company and Jobs got removed from his own company. Even with all of the odds, Jobs never gave up; he created a new computer company called NeXT, which was bought by Apple because the company is about to go bankrupt. Steve Jobs was voted to become the permanent CEO. Jobs completely changed the way Apple works; he shut down all the unimportant projects and focused mainly on computer. He gave Apple the cure for its bankruptcy problem by inventing ingenious devices that changed our culture. He forever altered the language of computer interface. Along the way, he built Apple up into one of the most valuable corporations in the world. Steve Jobs has a great influence over the foundation of the Apple Company and the technology that we have today. Steve J... ... as exciting and lively as ever. All of those in attendance are always awestruck by Jobs enthusiasm and charisma. He also has a great talent to influence the people that he speak to, in his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech, Jobs used his life experiences to teach the college graduate about life. He taught them that they should pursue their dreams, to see opportunities in life’s setbacks, he asked them to live everyday as if it’s their last day and he also told them to do what they love. Steve Jobs did not just influenced people’s lives by being a good role model; he also changed many people’s lives. He helped millions of people by revolutionizing the whole technology world thus making millions of business easier to manage. He also made Apple into a whole new company that provides jobs for thousands of people around the world.

Business and Administration

Unit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 5 pages and is made up of 4 Sections. †¢ Name: Patricia Hayton Section 1 – Understand the purpose of information technology in a business environment 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with), identify at least two different types of information technology that may be used when completing work tasks. Word processing Databases Information exchange 2.What are the benefits to businesses (and others) of using information technology for doing work tasks? The benefits are:- share information quickly and efficiently Improve work Cost effective Communicate world wide Flexibility New possibilities More productive Section 2 – Understand how to manage electronic and paper-based information 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing objectives and deadlines when researching information. If possible, refer to specific examples from research tasks you have worked on to support your answer.It is important to agree objectives and deadlines when researching information so that everybody knows when a task has to be completed by and what it has got to say. It my hold information that helps make business decisions. It help focus on task and stops waste resources. The business may be un efficient if not agreed. If you do not agree deadlines and objectives in tasks yo u may waste time looking up unneeded information. 2. Identify the different ways of researching, organising and reporting information. a) For your own organisation (or one you know well), describe the procedures that need to be followed when archiving, retrieving and deleting information. Your answer should cover procedures for both electronic and paper-based information. 3b) When following the procedures outlined in Question 3a above, are there any legal requirements to consider? Yes you must consider :- data protection act 1998 Retention periods Industry specific legal requirements 4. Why is confidentiality critical when managing information?Confidentiality is critical when managing information as it is a legal requirement and may show the business as inefficient and slack if not managed and could lead to the business breaking the law. Section 3 – Understand the purpose of producing documents that are fit for purpose 1. Identify at least two reasons for producing documents that are fit for purpose. †¢ 2. Use the table below to describe some of the different types and styles of documents that are produced in a business environment, and then explain when these different options may be used. Documents |When they are used | | |Inform clients of purchases | |reports |Share budgets with investors and share holders | | | | | |To track funds going in and out | |Accounting documents | | | | | | |Fast way to transit documents in paper format | |fax | | | | | | |Very formal, permanent written document that can be sent to clients | |Business letter |but not as quick as some documents. | | | | Section 4 – Know the procedures to be followed when producing documentsIn most organisations, time is taken to agree the purpose, content, layout, quality standards and deadlines for the production of documents. What are the reasons for doing this level of planning? †¢ To know what the customer wants †¢ Avoid problems †¢ Provide th e right information †¢ Present in a logical steps 2. Businesses will spend time checking finished documents for accuracy and correctness. a) How is this done? Can use word processing which will check spelling and grammer but may not pick up all mistakes. †¢ Read through the documents to check for grammer and spelling mistakes b) Why is this done? To make sure the document is fit for purpose and is what the client wants with no spelling or grammer mistakes. 3.Explain the purpose of following confidentiality and data protection procedures when preparing documents. It is a good ethical business practice, 4. In business environments, there is often a requirement to use notes as the basis for text and documents. a) Compare the different types of documents that can be produced from notes and include a description of the format of each document. b) Explain the procedures to be followed when preparing text from notes. Purpose of document Format of document Clarity Details Facts On ce you have completed all 4 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking. Business and Administration Unit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 5 pages and is made up of 4 Sections. †¢ Name: Patricia Hayton Section 1 – Understand the purpose of information technology in a business environment 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with), identify at least two different types of information technology that may be used when completing work tasks. Word processing Databases Information exchange 2.What are the benefits to businesses (and others) of using information technology for doing work tasks? The benefits are:- share information quickly and efficiently Improve work Cost effective Communicate world wide Flexibility New possibilities More productive Section 2 – Understand how to manage electronic and paper-based information 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing objectives and deadlines when researching information. If possible, refer to specific examples from research tasks you have worked on to support your answer.It is important to agree objectives and deadlines when researching information so that everybody knows when a task has to be completed by and what it has got to say. It my hold information that helps make business decisions. It help focus on task and stops waste resources. The business may be un efficient if not agreed. If you do not agree deadlines and objectives in tasks yo u may waste time looking up unneeded information. 2. Identify the different ways of researching, organising and reporting information. a) For your own organisation (or one you know well), describe the procedures that need to be followed when archiving, retrieving and deleting information. Your answer should cover procedures for both electronic and paper-based information. 3b) When following the procedures outlined in Question 3a above, are there any legal requirements to consider? Yes you must consider :- data protection act 1998 Retention periods Industry specific legal requirements 4. Why is confidentiality critical when managing information?Confidentiality is critical when managing information as it is a legal requirement and may show the business as inefficient and slack if not managed and could lead to the business breaking the law. Section 3 – Understand the purpose of producing documents that are fit for purpose 1. Identify at least two reasons for producing documents that are fit for purpose. †¢ 2. Use the table below to describe some of the different types and styles of documents that are produced in a business environment, and then explain when these different options may be used. Documents |When they are used | | |Inform clients of purchases | |reports |Share budgets with investors and share holders | | | | | |To track funds going in and out | |Accounting documents | | | | | | |Fast way to transit documents in paper format | |fax | | | | | | |Very formal, permanent written document that can be sent to clients | |Business letter |but not as quick as some documents. | | | | Section 4 – Know the procedures to be followed when producing documentsIn most organisations, time is taken to agree the purpose, content, layout, quality standards and deadlines for the production of documents. What are the reasons for doing this level of planning? †¢ To know what the customer wants †¢ Avoid problems †¢ Provide th e right information †¢ Present in a logical steps 2. Businesses will spend time checking finished documents for accuracy and correctness. a) How is this done? Can use word processing which will check spelling and grammer but may not pick up all mistakes. †¢ Read through the documents to check for grammer and spelling mistakes b) Why is this done? To make sure the document is fit for purpose and is what the client wants with no spelling or grammer mistakes. 3.Explain the purpose of following confidentiality and data protection procedures when preparing documents. It is a good ethical business practice, 4. In business environments, there is often a requirement to use notes as the basis for text and documents. a) Compare the different types of documents that can be produced from notes and include a description of the format of each document. b) Explain the procedures to be followed when preparing text from notes. Purpose of document Format of document Clarity Details Facts On ce you have completed all 4 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Forfeiture Clauses in Construction Contract

In building and engineering contracts it is usual to insert a provision empowering the employer to forfeit certain rights or property of the contractor on the occurrence of certain events. â€Å"Forfeiture clause† is a loose term usually used to describe a clause in a written building contract giving the employer the right upon the happening of an event to determine the contract or the contractor’s employment under it, or to eject the contractor from the site, or otherwise to take the work substantially out of his hands.In standard form building contracts it is usually referred to as ‘determination of employment’ or termination. In this sense JCT SBC 05 clauses 8. 4 and 8. 9 which relates to termination by employer and contractor respectively are forfeiture clauses. It is common in construction contracts to find determination clauses allowing either side to bring their contractual obligations to an end should an event specified occur due to the actions or i nactions of the other.It would seem that common law determination and determination under a clause of contract are alternatives. There are differences between the processes. First, whereas common law determination depends upon repudiatory conduct or a fundamental breach, the grounds of determination specified by the contract need not exhibit these features, although frequently such will be present. Second, the remedies for common law determination are provided by law, whereas with a contractual determination the clause itself must expressly deal with the issue of remedies.Third, at common law in the face of repudiatory conduct or fundamental breach the innocent party need only indicate to the other that he accepts the breach and considers the contract discharged. Under a contractual determination clause the procedure specified must be carefully followed, failure to so may prevent a successful determination. The right of forfeiture may be stipulated to accrue either 1) on the bankrup tcy of the contractor only, or ) on his bankruptcy and also on the occurrence of other events, or 3) on the occurrence of other events only Clause 8. 5. 1 of the JCT SBC 05 states that if the contractor is insolvent, the employment may at any time by notice to the contractor terminate the contractor’s employment. Similarly Clause 8. 10. 1 of the JCT SBC 05 states that the employer is insolvent, the contractor may by notice to the employer terminate the Contractor’s employment under the contract.A provision empowering the employer to forfeit the contract on the bankruptcy of the contractor is introduced into building and engineering contracts for the purpose of preventing a contractor’s trustee in bankruptcy from electing to complete the contract, and such a provision is valid, if it is coupled with a stipulation that the contractor’s contract shall be a personal one; and further, so far as the forfeiture affects the mere licence of the contractor to enter upon the site, it would seem that the revocation of that licence can be conditioned on bankruptcy, as a mere licence does not seem to be included in the definition of property[1].A trustee, however, would be entitled to enter the site to remove property of the bankrupt in respect of which the employer had no right under the contract The validity of a right to forfeit on the bankruptcy of the contractor is dependent on the nature of what is stipulated to be forfeited.In addition to bankruptcy, forfeiture is usually conditioned upon the happening of one or more of the following events: 1)not commencing the work 2) not regularly proceeding with the work for a fixed number of days[2], 3) not proceeding to the satisfaction of the employer or the architect[3], 4) not proceeding with such despatch as, in the opinion of the architect, will enable the works to be duly completed by the time stipulated, 5) not observing some stipulations of the contract[4] 6) leaving the works in an unfinishe d state, or 7)failing after proper notice to rectify defective work, 8) not maintaining the works[5] JCT 05 SBC Clause 8. states: 1. Notice of termination of the Contractor’s employment shall not be given unreasonably or vexatiously. 2. Such termination shall take effect on receipt of the relevant notice 3. Each notice referred to in this section shall be given in writing and given by actual, special or recorded delivery. Where given by special or recorded delivery it shall, subject to proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been received on the Second Business Day after the date of posting. Also Clause 8. 3 of the JCT 05 states: 1. The provisions of clauses 8. 4 to 8. 7 are without prejudice to any other rights and remedies of the Employer.The provisions of clauses 8. 9 and 8. 10 and (in the case of termination under either of those clauses) the provisions of clauses 8. 12, are without prejudice to any other rights and remedies of the contractor. 2. Irrespective of the grou nds of termination, the contractor’s employment may at any time be reinstated if and on such terms as the parties may agree The requirements of the contract must be properly complied with, for the courts construe forfeiture clauses strictly[6], and a wrongful forfeiture by the employer or his agent normally amounts to a repudiation on the part of the employer[7].There must be some definite unqualified act showing that the power has been exercised, although writing or other formality is not necessary unless expressly required. The contract may also require a certain notice to be given, and that such notice must set out the default complained of[8]. In appropriate circumstances the notice may be of a general character and need not necessarily refer to the number of the clause which is being invoked, provided that there is no doubt that it is exercising or purporting to exercise the contractual power of determination[9].But it is obviously preferable to state explicitly the clau se relied on and to follow its actual wording as closely as possible. It also seems that if a material statement in such a notice is made recklessly, without an honest belief in its truth, the notice is a nullity. Forfeiture in reliance on such a notice would be ineffective and would normally amount to repudiation by the employer. When an event occurs which gives rise to the right to forfeit, the power of forfeiture must be exercised within a reasonable time or the employer will be deemed to have waived his ight unless the event is a continuing breach of contract. Where the contract provides for termination of the contract by a warning notice followed by a termination and two notices have been served, a party can only rely on that provision if an ordinary commercial businessman can see that that there is a sensible connection between the two notices both in content and in time as seen in the case of Architectural Installation Services v James Gibbon Windows[10]Also, where the contra ct provides for completion by a certain date and also provides for forfeiture for delay, and the completion date has passed, it is a question of construction whether the forfeiture clause for delay can still be enforced. Thus where the object of the clause was to enable the architect to â€Å"have the means of requiring the works to be proceeded with in such a manner and at such a rate of progress as to ensure their completion at the time stipulated† it was held that the clause did not apply after the completion date[11].But in another contract where the clause provided â€Å"for the execution of the work with due diligence and as much expedition as the surveyor will require†, it was held that the clause was as much applicable to the fulfilment of the contract within a reasonable time as to its completion by the contract date. The parties may agree that any consequences may follow the exercise of a right of forfeiture[12], provided there is no illegality, nor fraud on the bankruptcy law, and the clause is not so onerous that it will not be enforced on the grounds that it is a penalty[13].The employer is usually given the right to take possession of the site and complete the works. In addition, there is frequently a clause vesting the property in unfixed materials, and perhaps plant, in the employer, or there may be merely a right to seize the materials[14] or hold them by way of lien[15] until they are built into the works, or there may be clauses giving the employer rights to use the contractor’s plants and materials[16]. Where the contractor is guilty of any of the defaults specified in clause 8. . 1 JCT 05 SBC, the contract administrator is to issue a written notice specifying the default. If the default is then continued for 14 days, the employer may within 10 days of the continuance terminate the contractor’s employment by using a notice to this effect. Furthermore, if termination does not take place on this occasion, any subse quent repetition of a specified default gives the employer the right to terminate immediately; there is no need (and indeed no power) to issue a second default notice. 17] It is also expressly provided under clause 8. 2. 1 that a notice of termination is not to be given ‘unreasonably or vexatiously’ When an employer, in exercise of his rights under a forfeiture clause, enters and completes the work and uses the contractor’s materials or plant, or holds retention money due to the contractor, he must, subject to the provisions of the contact, account to the contractor. He will have to show that that the materials and plant and money were expended reasonably[18].The Court, it would seem ,as seen in Fulton v Dornwell[19], will make full allowance for extra cost caused by the disruption and delay occasioned by the contractor’s default. Also, where the employer determines the contract under a forfeiture clause because of some breach of contract by the contractor , the employer’s right to damages depends upon the wording of the contract. He may not be entitled to the enhanced cost of completing by another contractor if the breach for which he determined the contract did not amount to repudiation and the contract does not so provide. 20] Termination of contract was examined in the recent case between Ellis Tylin ltd v Co-operative Retail services[21]. Co-operative Retail services Ltd (CRS) is a national retailer which operates from approximately 730 premises across the country. In early 1996 it contracted with Ellis Tylin the task of maintaining and repairing mechanical and electrical plant within its various premises. The contract was for a period of three years with provision for revision of rates of payment at the end of the first and second years.Disputes arose as to the scope and responsibility for works carried out under the agreement and the operation of the contract came to an end three months after the end of the first year. C lause 1. 8 of the agreement concerned the review of fees for the maintenance services and the rights of either party to terminate the contract in the event that agreement could not be reached. Disputes arose as to whether the proper mechanisms for termination had been applied and the court was asked to consider these questions as preliminary issues.It was acknowledged that the right of Ellis Tylin to end the agreement pursuant to clause 18 only arose if Ellis Tylin first took the action described within that clause. This involved making a written proposal for the revision of the amount of the fees after the expiry of ten months from the date of commencement of works. CRS argued that Ellis Tylin had failed to follow this procedure. Counsel for CRS submitted that clause 1. 8 of the contract should be construed either as a determination clause or as a break clause comparable to the type of provision found in leases. Strict compliance was required.The act of contractual determination wa s one which deprived the other party of the benefit of the contract it had concluded. His honour Judge Bowsher QC reviewed textbooks on the subject of contractual termination. In Chitty on contracts (27th edition)[22], it was stated â€Å"the terms of the of the termination notice may provide that notice can only be given after a specified event†. In the Interpretaion of contracts by Kim Lewison QC[23], it is stated â€Å"An option to terminate is construed in the same manner as any other option, and accordingly any condition must be strictly complied with.Any condition precedent must be strictly fulfilled. The clause must be exercised strictly in accordance with its terms†. Also Hudson’s Building and Engineering (11th edition) states[24], â€Å"Exact and meticulous compliance by the determining party with any formal or procedural requirements laid down in the termination clause, for example, as to notices or time limits, will usually be required if a contractu al termination is to be successful†Judge Bowsher added however, that words in a contract should be given a natural and ordinary meaning and he quoted Lord Diplock when he said in Antaios Cia Naveira SA v Salen Rederierna AB[25]: â€Å"if detailed semantic and syntactical words in a commercial contract is going to lead to a conclusion that flouts business common sense, it must be made to yield to business common sense†.Judge Bowsher concluded that whilst Ellis Tylin had given notice earlier than the time period set down in the contract, there could be no doubt of the intention that negotiations should take place for a revision of the fee. Taking into account all the evidence he concluded that Ellis Tylin had given valid notice of termination of agreement. However, subsequent evidence showed that the parties had in fact agreed revision to the fees to be submitted to the second year of the contract.Accordingly the notice of the termination had been overridden, and could no t be regarded as a valid notice. By ceasing to work following expiry of its invalid termination notice, Ellis Tylin had repudiated the contract. The wrongful operation of a termination clause (i. e when you are not entitled to) amounts to repudiation. A contractual power of determination will be wrongly exercised if the events upon which it is conditioned are not established (unless the contract provides for that question to be concluded by a binding opinion or certificate).In the great majority of modern contracts the question will be subject to review by an arbitrator or the courts, however; and it has also been seen that the courts have, under some clauses, been prepared to imply a term that the exercise of the power itself should be reasonable as seen in Renard Construction v Minister of Public Works[26]. Contractual determinations will also be wrongful if exercised prematurely in breach of a contractual time limit, however marginally.It is an unavoidable feature of construction contracts that an employer’s purported determination will in nearly all cases constitute a repudiatory breach, if whatever the general merits, it later transpires that the determination was invalid. In such a case, if the contractor has accepted the repudiation by leaving the site, the owner will be liable for the possible heavy damages attendant upon repudiation and cannot, if he discovers his mistake, restore the contract status quo ante without the agreement of the contractor.The purported exercise of a power to forfeit may be invalidated either by reason of the fact that the events upon which it is conditioned have not occurred; or, that a correct notice has not been given[27], or that that a sufficiently clear election to exercise the right has not been made, or that there has been a been delay or other conduct recognising the continued existence of the contract after knowledge of the breach, if the breach is not a continuing one.Generally, the measure of damages in the case of a wrongful forfeiture falls to be determined by the ordinary common law rules. Per Lord Cranworth in Ranger v G. W. R. y,[28]: â€Å"The right of the appellant (the contractor) would be to recover such amount of damages as would put him in as nearly as possible the same position as if no such wrong has been committed-that is, not as if there had been no contract, but as if he had been allowed to complete the contract without interruption†In Smith v Howden Union (1890), the plaintiff had nearly completed a sewerage contract and the engineer fraudulently refused to certify. The defendants took possession of the works and certain plant. It was held that the plaintiff was entitled to damages for prevention of completion, such damages being what he would have been entitled to if he had completed and the engineer had certified; and judgement was given for the unpaid balance of the contract price, extras properly ordered, extras properly certified, and the value of the plan t seized.The principle remedy for any breach of contract is an award for damages. As a general principle, where an employer is guilty of a breach of a construction contract, the contractor is entitled to damages under two headings. The first is damages for any actual loss that has been suffered, and the second is damages for any profit of which the contractor had been deprived. Where the employer’s breach is sufficient to justify the contractor in terminating the contract, the contractor is entitled to damages reflecting everything which would have een received under the contract, or proportion of it that remains outstanding at the date of termination, less what it would have cost the contractor to complete the work. It has been clearly established that the damages should include the profit element on work remaining to be done as seen in the landmark case of Wraight Ltd v P H & T (Holdings) Ltd[29]. Where, however, the contract is one which the contractor had under-priced and on which the contractor would thus have made no profit, only nominal damages will be awarded for the employer’s breach.This is because as seen in C&P Haulage v Middleton[30], an award of damages should not put the claimant in a better position than if the contract had been performed. But if this procedure was relentless pursued it would lead to a party in default having to pay ‘for all loss de facto resulting from a particular breach however improbable, however unpredictable’. [31] The courts therefore set a limit to the loss for which damages are recoverable, and loss beyond such limit is said to be remote. The famous rule as stated in the case Hadley v Baxendale[32] is: Where two parties have made a contract which one of them has broken the damages which the other party ought to receive in respect of such breach of contract should be such as may fairly and reasonably be considered either (1) arising naturally, i. e according to the usual course of things from such breach of contract itself, or (2) such as may reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it† This is demonstrated in the case of Balfour Beatty Construction (Scotland) Ltd v Scottish Power Plc[33].The claimants there, who were constructing a concrete aqueduct over a main road, installed a concrete batching plant and arranged for the defendants to supply electricity to it. The claimants needed to pour all the concrete in a single continuous operation and so, when the electricity supply failed, the claimants had to demolish all the work which had been done. Unsurprisingly, it was held that while the defendants were clearly in breach of contract because of the power failure, they were not liable for the extra losses nvolved in the demolition and reconstruction, since the claimants had not informed them that a continuous pour was essential. It has long been established th at contractor’s claims for loss and expense under express contractual provisions are assessed in exactly the same way as damages for breach of contract. Any disruption to the regular process of work under a contract may lead the contractor to incur administrative costs, such as the diversion of managerial time and effort, at head office.If so, these costs may justifiably be claimed, but it will not be simply assumed that such losses have been suffered. They must be specified and properly supported by the evidence, for example by records of the time spent by individuals in dealing with the particular problem[34]. Where the contract period is prolonged by something for which the employer is contractually responsible, the contractor may may also seek to claim in respect of general office overheads.When making application for the head office overheads part of loss and/or expense under Standard Form Building Contracts, contractors often base their claim on a formula. The Courts ha ve never given approval to the use of formula in this way although they have accepted the use of formulae in certain cases which generally were decided on their own facts. Indeed, the courts have tended to disapprove formulae unless as a last resort or the parties have agreed their use as seen in Alfred Mc Alpine Homes North Ltd v Property & Land Contractors Ltd[35]. Actual costs are normally required.Claims for head office overheads are essentially claims for lost opportunity to contribute to those overheads, because the overheads do not actually change or, if they do, the amount of any extra overheads directly resulting from the delay can be claimed separately. Formulae assume a healthy construction industry and a contractor with finite resources with the result that if he is delayed on a project, he will be deprived of the chance to take other work. Where the industry is sluggish or where the contractor is so large that turning away work does not arise, the latter will face diffi cult problems in showing the lost opportunity[36].There are several formulae in common use notably Emden formula, Eichleay formula and Hudson formula. Also a contractor who has accepted the wrongful repudiation is not restricted to suing for damages for breach on contract. He may, as an alternative, where he has elected to treat the contract as rescinded, sue upon a quantum meruit. The expression quantum meruit means â€Å"the amount he deserves† or â€Å"what the job is worth†. A quantum reuit clause claim is one in which the contractor seeks payment of the reasonable value of work done for the employer.Where the employer is in breach of contract, the crucial question is whether the contractor in such circumstances can simply ignore the contract and instead claim a reasonable sum for all the work done, even if this means that the contractor recovers more than what would have recovered under the contract. In the situation where there is a contract, then the issue in a Contractual Quantum Meruit claim is either the measure of the â€Å"reasonable sum† or the interpretation of similarly wide express terms. The issue is whether the measure is on the basis of cost or market price. There appears to be no hard and fast rule.In the case of an express contract to do work at an unquantified price, the measure is the reasonable remuneration of the contractor Serck Controls Ltd. v Drake & Scull Engineering Ltd[37]. In the case where there was a contract, the assessment of a quantum meruit was usually based on actual cost which would include on and off site overheads provided that it was reasonable and was reasonably and not unnecessarily incurred, plus an appropriate addition for profit[38] Judge Bowsher QC in Laserbore Ltd v Morrison Biggs Wall Ltd[39] had to decide the meaning of the term â€Å"Fair and reasonable payments for all works executed†.He considered that the costs plus basis was wrong in principle even though in some instances it may produce the right result. The appropriate approach was to adopt general market rates.

Aggression and the World Schindlers List Essay Example

Aggression and the World Schindlers List Essay Example Aggression and the World Schindlers List Paper Aggression and the World Schindlers List Paper Essay Topic: Film Schindlers List is a poignant and moving film based on a dark period in history, the Holocaust. One of the most stark and prominent global themes that the film presents is that of aggression. The film portrays a lowly picture of the German Nazi party at the time; a strongly prejudicial party whose ideology stemmed from a belief in a superior race (Aryan) and a subsequent inferior line of people (Jews, Poles, Gypsies, handicapped and dark-skinned people). Gore Vidal is one of Americas most controversial writers and is a zealous critic of the Bush administration. In his essay entitled, `The Enemy Within (Published in The Observer, London, 27 October 2002) Vidal presents an alternative viewpoint to the widely accepted premise as to who was to blame for the September 11 attacks on the United States. One of the main ideas in this essay is that the September 11 attacks may have been a `blessing for the Bush administration who were already drawing up plans for an incursion into Afghanistan. He gives details of the USs attempts to negotiate with the Taliban to allow them to construct an oil pipeline across the country as part of a scramble to profit from the surrounding seas rich recourses. Vidal presents evidence that certain factions of the government were aware of such an impending strike, and that the aggressive attack on New York and Washington provided justification to the public for invading the country. In a similar fashion, one could assume that the motives of various Nazi party members at the time of the Holocaust was directed solely around money-making and that racial hatred was not in the equation for them. They used the strongly supported view that Jews should not be treated as human, and exploited this feeling so as to obtain free labour and effectively steal Jewish possessions (eg. he piles of valuables confiscated before the Jews boarded the trains). Vidal describes how Osama bin Laden and the Taliban were made the ` frightening logo for our long contemplated invasion and conquest of Afghanistan, while Saddam Hussein [and the pack of cards featuring other wanted villains] were made out to be the `the personification of evil. They provided the `faces for the public to despise. Perhaps in a similar manner, the Jews were targeted as the `group responsible for all of Germanys troubles at the time (Germany had suffered great loses from World War 1). They were made out to be below human standards and some members of the German public were resentful of the wealth of the Jews. Thus it was relatively easy to convince a wide range of people that it was acceptable to pillage the Jews and use them to gain wealth. This was evident with Schindler (eg. he gleefully accepted the apartment of the ejected Nussbaum [It couldnt be better]). In addition, Vidal probes the possibility that September 11 could be perceived as a `pre-emptive strike. He states: Four days earlier, the Guardian had reported that `Osama bin Laden and the Taliban received threats of possible American military action against them two months before the terrorist assaults on New York and Washington [which] raises the possibility that bin Laden was launching a pre-emptive strike in response to what he saw as US threats. A replay of the `day of infamy in the Pacific 62 years earlier? Irrespective of what point of view you believe, the essay highlights how various situations and events can be seen from an alternative perspective. Different examples of aggression may not be as straightforward and one-sided as superficially seems. Emotive language plays a strong influence in how we perceive things. Additionally, the multinational acts of aggression such as the September 11 strikes and other world large-scale conflicts (such as the conflicts in Northern Ireland and the Middle East) show that the world has not fully learnt from the past of the devastating effects large-scale formes of aggression can have on human life. We can see that the film, Schindlers List is biased (which is not necessarily negative). It is very difficult to create an objective film that is entertaining as well as provides the intended message, in this case, the atrocities that occurred during the Jewish Holocaust. Apart from the negative personification of Amon Goeths character (which cannot be entirely factual as no one knows his true psychology and thought processes), the director uses various film techniques to draw viewers towards the message he is trying to promote. During a sequence in which Goeth is bashing Helen Hirsch, the camera takes on a subjective viewpoint, that is, the view that the camera is providing is the apparent view of a particular character. We see Geoth slapping Helen from her point of view, and it is if Goeth is slapping us, the viewer. This technique increases our negative response to Geoth and simultaneously provides us with an illusional empathy for Helen (i. e. it is as if we have experienced the event and can thus relate directly to it). Other subjectivity influencing aspects include the fact that the information for the original novel was provided extensively by one side of the spectrum (Jewish survivors) and that the director of the movie himself is indeed Jewish. It could be reasonable to say that a film presenting the Nazis in a more positive light would be perceived and interpreted differently by a viewer, as would a film made from an entirely non-partisan viewpoint. Thus, the way we view aggression is influenced by our past experiences and the version of events that we receive if we do not witness the aggression in first hand. Steven Spielberg does not exclude the aggression that Jews showed towards each other in desperate survival situations (although it does not feature prominently in the storyline). There are two obvious examples of this aggression. One is during the clearing of the ghetto, when a mother and daughter ask to be allowed into an occupied hidden floorboard compartment only to be told that there is only room for the daughter (even though we can see from a high angle shot that the compartment is not full). Another act of mental aggression occurs during the `health testing day at the camp, in which a small boy resorts to lowering himself into a pit toilet to avoid being apprehended by camp authorities, only to be told by children already in that hiding spot to leave. Regina Zielinski was a Polish born, Australian migrant. In an extract from the book, With a Guitar to Sobibor, published in 1983 and written by Dunya Breur, the author provides a recount of the retrial of Karl Frenzel in which Zielinski was requested to give evidence. Regina was asked to travel to a court in the German city of Hagen to give evidence against Frenzel, a commanding officer at the Sobibor `Death camp where she resided during the 2nd World War. She was given a job at the camp as a knitter and thus survived, while the rest of her family were killed. During her testimony, Regina described a young boy by the name of Caruso, who was viciously murdered by Frenzel. The fact that Regina stayed behind after her testimony, during a court recess, staring, with her shoulders slumped, convinced the author that Regina was indeed telling the truth. The source shows how devastating and unforgettable certain acts of aggression can be. The seriousness that a person perceives the effects of an act of aggression to be, influences how significant the occurrence is to the individual. For example, while an act of antagonism by a sibling is soon forgiven and forgotten by most, witnessing a murder(s) remains with people, such as Regina Zielinski, for up to a lifetime. A particularly disturbing scene in the film shows a large procession of Jews being led into the closed Jewish ghetto. As the Jews walk along the main road carrying their most valuable possessions, a sizeable contingency of onlookers shout out insults and throw dirt at the Jews. Above the noise, a distinguishable voice of a girl no more than ten years old can be heard screaming out, Goodbye Jews, with frightening prejudice and scorn. This form of psychological aggression and racial resentment is quite shocking as we know that the girl is probably not old enough to forge her own ideas on such issues and the shallow prejudice could only be instilled in her by family and elder peers. The scene shows that aggressively prejudiced thoughts and beliefs are easily `picked-up by the young, who are not mature enough to realise the true significance and enormity behind these beliefs. The film divulges into the psychological mindset of a recognised villain of the era, Amon Goeth. Goeth is portrayed in the film as the main scoundrel (although there were hundreds of people just as cruel as he was). He seemed to have no sympathy whatsoever for the plight of the Jews. He strongly believed that the Jews were an inferior race and followed the ideology of the Nazis with similar fanaticism. The documentary As it Happened The Long Road to War (which aired on SBS on the 12/05/03 at 7:30pm) provided a recap of U. S. and Iraqi relations over the last 2 decades. In addition, the 2-hour special presented an in-depth insight into Saddam Husseins rise to power and his time as dictator of Iraq. This analysis of Saddams character provided me with an excellent source to compare Hussein to Goeth. Both Hussein and Goeth had unregulated power over a group of people. The foremost distinction between the two is that Hussein controlled an entire country (from 1973 onwards) and was essentially above any laws and rules that applied to Iraqis. Goeth, on the other hand, had dictator-like control of the people in his concentration camp, however, Goeth was not above common Nazi law at the time (i. e. he could have been jailed or even executed for having a liaison with Helen Hisch, the servant Jew). An example of Husseins unbridled authority is a section in the documentary, which displays black and white video recorded footage of a meeting that Saddam had with other members of his Baath party in a large auditorium. In it Hussein reads from a list the names of people from his own party that he believes are disloyal. Those whose names are read out are escorted from the room and were never seen again. The most eminent aspect of aggression expressed by Hussein, was the incursion of the Iraqi military into Kuwait, which was subsequently the initiation of the Persian Gulf War. During the incursion, countless numbers of Kuwaitis were tortured and murdered. This is a segment of a speech Bush Snr made in the lead up to war: Summary executions, routine torture, Hitler revisited. America will not stand aside, the world will not allow the strong to swallow up the weak. In saying this, Bush compares the reign of Saddam Hussein to the reign of Hitler and the Nazis in the Second World War. In response Hussein states: Iraqis will not forget the maxim, that cutting necks is better than cutting the means of living. God almighty be witness that we have warned them. Both speeches have differing target audiences and use very different language, however they both evoke an aggressive pretext. The Concise English dict ionary defines the noun `aggression as `an unprovoked attack; a hostile action or behaviour. Through my viewing of the film, I came to realise that the first definition of aggression was not necessarily the case. Instead I recognized that aggression could indeed be provoked (while remaining outside `retaliation) but almost always inadvertently. Provocation can only be defined by an individual (through cultural influences and self-temperament). The more acceptable view is that the aggression brought to bear by Amon Goeth towards Helen Hersch in the cellar was unprovoked, however one could (controversially) argue that Helen provoked the situation by failing to respond to Goeth and his questions. Obviously the aggression was not warranted or acceptable and there was unquestionably no intent to incite on Helens part, but such an argument is still marginally valid. In retrospect, the film presented me with an in-depth look at the plight of the Jews during the period. It provided a display of emotion which is absent or easily overlooked in a written text. In particular, the film showed how the reaction of the audience to acts of aggression can be heightened or subdued through the use of film techniques.

Advertisement Message Strategy in Developing Audience

Advertisement can be regarded as an audio as well as visual method of marketing communication that uses sponsored, professional messages for promoting or selling a particular products and services as well as ideas. Essentially, sponsors or else financiers of advertisements are businesses that intend to promote their own products or else services. Advertising is communicated through different mass media that includes both old and new media (Blackhurst et al. 2016). The old forms of mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, outdoor advertisement along with television (Huang and Sarigà ¶llà ¼ 2014). However, the advanced and new form of mass media include the direct mail, blogs, websites, text messages as well as search results among many others. Social media are also very important medium of reaching out tom customers these days. As per reports, Face book can be considered to be a very popular social media network where there are nearly 1100000000 unique visitors every month. This media is also ranked third and this followed by you tube, twitter and LinkedIn (Bauer and Lasinger 2014). Chernev (2014) refers to the fact that the primary aim and intention of advertisement is to get the particular word out that businesses have exciting offers. As rightly indicated by Hollensen (2015), advertisement can be about anything such as upcoming program of entertainment, new line of product that business will sell, expansion of existing line of products or else services and recognition of adherence to different directives of journalism that detects who, When, why, where and what. However, it is also important to select the most effective media for the advertisement depending upon the target audience of the firm. Homburg et al. (2013) rightly indicates the fact that there are different models of advertisement that explains the way advertisements work. Advertisement communication models needs to incorporate four different steps where each steps has different objectives and delivers policies as well as tactical illustrations regarding the way each step can lead to the subsequent step (Huang and Sarigà ¶llà ¼ 2014). However, from the perspective of planning process of a manager that is essentially top down, an advertisement communication comprises of decision making at four different levels such as Buyer, brand, advertisements, and media. At the stage of buyer, it is important to understand the action objectives of the target audience, communication objectives at the level of brand and processing objectives at the level of advertisements. Finally, the last stage involves exposure plans at the stage of media. As rightly indicated by Bakshi and Gupta (2013), the primary objective of studying consumer behaviour is to comprehend and assess the influence of previous experience on purchasing behaviour of different products. Consumer behaviour is essentially an important part of marketing that helps in learning the manner different individuals, groups or else corporations select, purchase use and way of disposing diverse goods. This study also includes learning factors that include prior experience, tastes as well as preferences, pricing in addition to branding based on which consumers base their decisions of purchasing. Baker and Saren (2016) correctly analyses the influence of process of packaging for decision making procedure of consumers having low income. Findings of the study suggest that consumers having low income have greater preference towards premium packaging as well as brand experience. Nevertheless, it can be observed that consumers belonging to the low income group have higher br and experience from purchases of diverse premium products at the time when it is compared to their purchasing cheap brand products. Ansari and Riasi (2016) indicates the fact that there are essentially five different steps involved in the process of consumer decision making. Evaluation of five phases of consumer decision making procedure of buying are essentially: recognition of problem, search of information, assessment of options, decisions of purchase and finally the post purchase assessment. Researchers are of the view that each phase of decision making process is somewhat different from one another but leads to a common opinion regarding what each phase involve. Aguirre et al.   (2015) states that recognition of need occurs owing to different factors as well as circumstances that includes professional, personal as well as lifestyle that in turn lead to development of idea of buying. Several prior researches conducted by academics as well as scholars on process of identificati on and analysis of diverse factors that affect purchasing behaviour of consumers. As rightly indicated by Adetunji et al.   (2014), there are different factors that affect behaviour of consumers that again can be broadly classified as situational, social, cultural as well as personal factors.   As rightly put forward by Adetunji et al.   (2014), advertisements exert immense impact on the purchasing behaviour of consumers and helps the businesses in promoting their products and services. As such, advertisements delivers a news function to different consumers. Particularly, viewers of advertisements can acquire information and learn about the different new products as well as services that can be availed by them similarly in the way they learn about different events from news. Therefore, it can be inferred that advertisements help in generation of awareness among the consumers regarding the products as well as services provided by businesses. However, information function plays a neutral role and it delivers facts without taking into account approval or else disapproval from target customers. Particularly, in this phase, consumer behaviour orients around expressions of inquisitiveness. Aguirre et al.   (2015)   cultivated that there are different tactics of advertis ements that generates psychological effects. This orients arrangement of images, words, brand or else logo that refers to ad visual. Again, it is also important to arrange the ad visual that indicates towards arrangement of fonts and colours. In addition to this, this process also includes use of particular methods of arranging ad context that includes framing, variations and medium. As correctly indicated by Bakshi and Gupta (2013), advertisements also help in the process of assessment of different features of products as well as services. It can be noted that consumers generally have a sensible response to various advertisement at the time consumers look at different facets of products or else services. However, this response concentrated on proper sequential listing of different operational aspects of different offerings. However, this can be considered as an intellectual reaction instead of emotional responses. Furthermore, advertisements also aids the process of analysis of advantages by the consumers at the time consumers become emotionally involved with advertisements as well as promotional activities of companies. In itself, it can be said in this context that repeated advertisements can affect behaviour of consumers and this repletion can serve as a reminder to different consumes (Ansari and Riasi 2016). Particularly, consumer behaviour crops from remind ers that includes sudden thoughts about the products at the time of shopping or else while arriving at decisions to purchase the good. As correctly indicated by Bakshi and Gupta (2013), advertisements also help in promotion of both loyalty or else alienation based on performance of the products compared to different advertised advantages. Bakshi and Gupta (2013) indicates the fact that it is important to understand the length of time for which the advertisement leaves an impact on consumers. In addition to this, it is also significant to understand the length of a broadcast, impression of print and online advertisements that can exert influence on customers in a bid to determine effectual reach as well as frequency. The media plan of a business needs to analyse how much is more than enough to reach to target audience and measure the exact point that represents the diminishing returns (Hollensen 2015). Again, the length for which advertisements leave an impact includes examination of lagged impact, resolving non-immediate impact of different media by means of decaying media. Aguirre et al.   (2015) opines that the advertisement efficiency can be denoted as the magnitude and scale of a particular advertisement that produces a particular influence. Enumerating the influences and impact of advertisements is vital, given the specific amount allotted for investments for the purpose of advertisement. Baker and Saren (2016) opines that it is not feasible to acquire a worldwide measure of the advertisement efficiency, it is important to develop and implement mechanisms as well as measures for a partial substantiation of outcomes. Taking into account the level of difficulty of enumerating the overall efficiency, it is important to take into consideration the advertisement interacts with diverse other business variables as well as varied effects of advertisements. The efficacy of advertisements include advertisements interacts with other business variables such as behaviour, policies of marketing as well as financial decisions and many others and other environme ntal variables namely, competition and economic conjuncture among many others. The effectiveness of advertisements needs to take into consideration different effects of advertisements that are essentially varied and are not translatable into quantitative terms. The advertisements also need to create long term effects, not always (Huang and Sarigà ¶llà ¼ 2014). As rightly mentioned by Bauer and Lasinger (2014), in academic literature as well as actual practice, analysis of efficacies of advertisements essentially has two basic models, namely, the dichotomous model and the three dimensional model. Ansari and Riasi (2016) opines that the dichotomous model is implemented particularly in product as well as brand advertisements, inclined towards isolating and evaluating separately the effect of sales as well as effect of communication. Raichelgauz et al.   (2015) opines that the effect of sales points out towards the assessment of potential advertising to affect the overall volume of sales as well as the share of the market of the firm irrespective of the probable influence of different variables. In addition to this, the effectiveness of advertisement needs to be taken into consideration for the effects on sales during the short term period. However, the process of measurement of the performance of advertisement is founded on the marginal the ory. Blackhurst et al.   (2016) suggests that the advertisements is thus regarded as the â€Å"independent variable† for the study that again can be joined with further variables of marketing to have a particular result on the specific dependent variable that is essentially trades of the firm. However, the primary intention of the advertisement is to pursue the finest blend of the determining factor behind upsurge in sales. The consequence of the communication indicates towards the capability to transmit suitable messages to a sizeable share of targeted audience (Blackhurst et al.   2016). This effect can be assessed in literature with diverse approaches such as the following: Adetunji et al. (2014) opines that the sociological assessment concentrates on different communities, regarded as a procedure regulated by different directives as well as social norms particularly on the social behaviour. As such, the role of advertisement strategies as well as consumption in the community change can be considered to be a very interesting topic. Again, the sociological aspects refers to examination of different advertisement influences viewpoints, attitudes as well as behaviours of different individuals and social segments. However, there are two different approaches of the sociological perspectives that present contradicting facets regarding the functions of advertisements in contemporary society (Chernev 2014). The sociological perspectives maintain a positive approach to advertisements. As such, it is considered that the role of advertising is to organize different economic as well as social associations, to harmonize diverse social behaviours and to make individu als stick to different common values (Bakshi and Gupta 2013). This too helps in the process of enhancement of art of living together by resolving different problems. However, the second approach is in comparison a critic as advertisement leads to generation of mass consumption. However, in a bid to present appropriate messages, the management of firms introduces innovative, poorly differentiated as well as emblematic values. As correctly indicated by Park et al.   (2013), the semiotic analysis stresses on the use of symbols and this particular approach is useful expressly in the context of creation of suitable advertisements for a business concern. These are essentially recognized as things that conveys specific meanings, for example, certain words, gestures, forms of dance as well as specific images. Madni et al. (2016) correctly mentions that the semiotic studies in detail different features of encoding and more particularly the usage of the codes. However, the primary aim and intention of the investigation is itself the message that contains diverse symbols as well as signs that can be construed as per predetermined intention, without reference to particular consumer as well as the influence of the behaviour of the consumer. As suggested by Kotler et al. (2015), process of communication in general as well as the advertisements in particular are essentially treated by different psychologists. Sheth and Sisodia (2015) mentions that the psychologists examine the motivation of different recipients of the messages of the advertisements that occupy a crucial position in the entire process of analysis. Therefore, the purpose of advertisement creator is to recognize the reasons of consumer behaviour in a bid to detect effective messages of advertisement or to remove the barriers of communication. Hollensen (2015) suggests that the psychological approach along with other types of research as well as investigation have surfaced that leads to contribution to neuroscience. Different evidence acquired by means of scientific experimentation become an essential support for substantiation of diverse assumptions. Homburg et al. (2013) refers to the fact that the psychological approach has the advantage to enumerate the e fficiency of advertisement with reference to recipient of particular message, especially to the characteristics of the consumers.   Conversely, this particular approach does not offer exhaustive replies, and does not research the accurate causes. This again provides the particular messages of advertisements to gain publicity. The messages are decoded, stored and in due course leads to purchases. Thus, it is important to taken into consideration the entire process of communication along with different external factors, particularly, the factors associated to the environment that might play a vital role in determination of the behaviour of the receiver. This process of assessment of the messages can be considered to be vital due to the influence of specific messages on the perceptions of receivers. Madni et al. (2016) opines that the motivations of customers essentially drive the behaviours of consumers, in a bid to recognize with effective advertisement. Park et al. (2013) cultivates the fact that the socio-psychological method essentially takes into consideration the message as well as recipients of the communication. However, this tactic intends to examine the efficiencies of advertisement strategies from the perspective of persuasiveness, noting influence on overall course of generation of responsiveness, memory, outlook as well as behaviour. The research methodology takes into attention the entire environment of the process of communication and the real interactions. Bakshi and Gupta (2013) suggests that the process of experimentation can be widely utilized that can help in testing of formed hypothesis and establishing the links between diverse variables by means of pre-test. This in turn also helps in gaining an advantage in terms of legitimacy of the entire process of research. The procedure also concentrates solely as well as exhaustively on direct influence of diverse variables when considered discretely is hard to tackle in actuality. Nevertheless, this method assesses definite involvement of different variables in the process of elucidating the progression of different variables that are dependent (Adetunji et al. 2014). The major limitations to the dichotomous model can be related to the partial appraisal and inability to deliver consistent breakdowns of the effects attained by advertising as well as other policies of the corporation. Again, the three-dimensional models such as AIDA model as well as model Dagmar are preferred (Blackhurst et al. 2016). Raichelgauz et al. (2015) suggests that the three-dimensional models are utilized both in planning advertising campaigns as well as evaluating the effectiveness. The models also recommend a hierarchy of effects of communication, cognitive as well as behavioural effects. Ansari and Riasi (2016) opines that evaluation of different cognitive dimensions can be related to the understanding of messages and storing of the particular messages in the memory. This memory storage includes spontaneous recall, stimulated recall, facilitated by presentation of particular substantiation, associated memory (Aguirre et al. 2015). The respondents also need to illustrate one particular elements of the process of communication, recognition of the advertising, allocation of brand and the memory of not any specific advertisement but also the brand that is advertised. As rightly put forward by Bauer and Lasinger (2014), Vodafone can be regarded as one of the foremost transnational brands and this corporation also hold the position of 11 th largest telecommunication corporation in the entire globe. In addition to this, the corporation also stands in the second position in particularly Europe. Similarly, Vodafone named as Vodafone Essar in India is also considered as one of the principal service providers of telecommunication in India. Other mobile phone providers in Australia include Optus, Telstra, Virgin Mobile and many others. Optus essentially focuses in a wide range of services related to communications counting mobile, regional, national as well as long distant telephony, network services, internet in addition to different satellite services along with television for subscription. Virgin Mobile Australia is necessarily a telecommunication corporation founded in Sydney.   This mobile phone provider also uses the Optus Network in a bid to re ach approximately 98.5% people in Oz (Ansari and Riasi 2016). As rightly put forward by Ansari and Riasi (2016), Vodafone is widely known for the exclusive advertisement campaign designed by the corporation, namely, â€Å"pug†, campaign of â€Å"happy to help† and advertisement campaign of â€Å"Zoozoo†. The management of Vodafone takes up a very challenging task of constant development of the image of the business entities. The management of Vodafone presented brilliant persona for the company that was very much appropriate for its Zoozoo advertisement campaign. As such, Zoozoos are particularly denoted as the white creatures that possesses ballooned forms along with features of egg heads. This are essentially used to endorse diverse value added services (VAS) of the corporation. Bakshi and Gupta (2013) mentions that each and every advertisement presented by the corporation has a story that are particularly enacted by the zoozoo characters.   The new ad featuring the Zoozoo although look like the animated pones are actua l human beings performing in zoozoo costumes. The advertisement campaigns generally have different implications from the economic standpoints. Madni et al. (2016) suggested that the company Vodafone functions fundamentally in an oligopoly arcade that is categorised by presence of few sellers as well as mutual interdependence. This is essentially a market where all the sellers intends outdo the other players in the market by means of price war that refers to the curtailing of prices as well as â€Å"non-price wars† (Hollensen 2015). The advertisement strategies of a corporation can be considered to be a â€Å"non-price war† where all the players operating in a particular market intends to gain competitive advantage through implementation of innovative as well as exclusive advertisement strategies for generating greater mass appeal. The advertisement campaigns of the company Vodafone are also directed towards outdoing the strategies of the rival players in the market. The management of Vodafone has too attempted to symbolise an appearance of common people belonging to urban areas who can be regarded as the main driving potency behind the augmented use of service of telecom as well as services of VAS offered particularly in the telecommunication business (Baker and Saren 2016). In addition to this, the management of the company Vodafone have tried to present as well as showcase the ways the offers of the company Vodafone can prove to be useful for the urban common people through the Zoozoo characters of the advertisement of the firm. Chernev (2014) suggested that the management of the company Vodafone intended to attract and draw the attention of the target customers of the company not by normal advertisements but by means of catchy as well as funny advertisements. The advertisements of the company also tries to promote different Value added Services offered by the corporation. Therefore, the advertisements of Vodafone also tries to create awareness, growth in sales, and segmentation of market and identification of brand. Adetunji, R.R., Nordin, S.M. and Noor, S.M., 2014. The Effectiveness of Integrated Advertisement Message Strategy in Developing Audience-Based Brand Equity.  Global Business and Management Research,  6(4), p.308. 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Blackhurst, J.P., Abbott, R.L., Hamilton, A. and Shahda, F.A., 2016.  Advertisement Impressions And Customer Transaction Correlation For Advertisement Validation. U.S. Patent 20,160,042,387. Chernev, A., 2014.  Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. Hollensen, S., 2015.  Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Homburg, C., Kuester, S. and Krohmer, H., 2013.  Marketing management  (Vol. 2). Wiesbaden: Gabler. Huang, R. and Sarigà ¶llà ¼, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In  Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors  (pp. 113-132). Springer New York Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hà ©monnet-Goujot, A., 2015.  Marketing management  (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Madni, A.R., Hamid, N.A. and Mohd, S., 2016. Influence of Controversial Advertisement on Consumer Behavior.  Journal of Commerce (22206043),  8. Park, J., Kang, D., Kang, H., Kwon, H., Kim, J., Park, B. and Jo, H., 2013. Effectiveness on Public Advertisement Interaction of Advertiser Awareness, Advertisement Appeal and Customer Involvement and Need for Cognition.  Journal of the Korea society of IT services,  12(4), pp.235-253. Raichelgauz, I., Odinaev, K. and Zeevi, Y.Y., Cortica, Ltd., 2015.  System and method for generating an advertisement effectiveness performance score. U.S. Patent Application 14/621,661. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.  Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Getting academic assistance from

Propose a New Policy - same bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Propose a New Policy - same bill - Essay Example Therefore, in order to reduce this disparity a policy to monitor the nursing staffing standards for patient safety and quality care will be significant. The introduction of this bill will enhance the working conditions of the nurses. This is through protecting them from being overworked or exploted by the employers. On the other hand, the quality of health care delivery will improve significant as the concentration of a nurse towards the patient will improve significantly. This aspect will play a significant role in enhancing the safety of the patients. This is through compelling the healthcare centers to employ adequate number of nursing to serve the patients (Croskerry, 2009). Lastly, through the new bill, the health consumers will improve their trust towards the heathcare centers. The increase in the number of nurses in order to offer high quality care will have significant impact on the cost of health care in the country. This is likely to exclude many low income earners from accessing the services as the healthcare centers are likely to shift the burden of the extra costs to the